Wat Xieng Thong, also known as the ‘Monastery of the Golden City’, is one of the most important religious buildings in Laos and an outstanding example of classical Lao temple architecture. Located in Luang Prabang, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the temple attracts visitors with its rich history, ornate design and spiritual significance.
Location and significance
Wat Xieng Thong is located at the tip of the Luang Prabang peninsula, where the Mekong and Nam Khan rivers meet. This strategic location underlines the historical and spiritual significance of the temple. Once the coronation site of Lao kings, it is now an active centre for religious ceremonies and cultural events. The complex is open daily from 6am to 6pm and the entrance fee is 20,000 kip per person.
Historical background
Built between 1559 and 1560 during the reign of King Setthathirath, Wat Xieng Thong reflects the heyday of the Lan Xang kingdom. The temple was built on the site of the former royal palace after the king moved the capital to Vientiane. Despite numerous historical upheavals, Wat Xieng Thong remained largely intact, especially during the sacking of Luang Prabang in 1887, partly due to the fact that the leader of the attackers, Đèo Văn Trị, was once a monk at this temple.
Architectural masterpieces
The central shrine, called the Sim, is characterised by its nine-tiered roofs, decorated with gold stucco and intricate wood carvings. A particular highlight is the Tree of Life mosaic on the back wall of the Sim, created by Lao craftsmen in 1960. This artwork symbolises the connection between heaven, earth and the underworld.
Another remarkable building is the Red Chapel, which houses a rare lying Buddha statue. The statue was exhibited at the Paris World Fair in 1931 and brought back to Luang Prabang in 1964.
The temple complex also includes the Chariot Hall, which houses the 12 metre high royal chariot of King Sisavang Vong. The richly decorated chariot was used for the King’s funeral in 1959 and is an impressive example of Lao craftsmanship.
Religious and cultural significance
Wat Xieng Thong is not only architecturally impressive, but also a living centre of Buddhist faith in Laos. The temple plays a central role in major religious festivals such as Pi Mai Lao (Lao New Year) in April, when traditional purification rituals and processions take place. Another important festival is Boun Ork Phansa, the end of the Buddhist Lent, which is celebrated with candlelight processions and prayers.
Visitors have the opportunity to participate in traditional ceremonies such as the Baci ritual, where white or red threads are tied around the wrist to symbolise good luck and protection. Such experiences offer a deep insight into the spiritual practices and cultural traditions of Lao society.
Wat Xieng Thong is an impressive blend of history, art and spirituality. As one of the most important religious buildings in Laos, the temple offers a fascinating insight not only into Lao architecture and art, but also into the country’s living traditions and deeply-rooted beliefs. A visit to the temple is an unforgettable experience for anyone wishing to explore the cultural diversity and spirituality of Laos.
