In the southernmost region of Argentina, near Ushuaia in the rough, clear waters of the Beagle Channel, lies the small island of Isla Martillo – an extraordinary place of high ecological and tourist value. Visitors can experience impressive landscapes and observe wild wildlife, but most of all they can see a lively penguin colony that is unique in the southern hemisphere.
Location and geographical context
Isla Martillo is located in the Beagle Channel, off the coast of Grande Island in Tierra del Fuego, in Argentina’s Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica and South Atlantic Islands province. It is typically accessed from Ushuaia, often via the historic Estancia Harberton, which serves as a starting point.
The island is part of a unique ecosystem characterised by: Montane landscapes, deep fjords and an Antarctic-influenced habitat characterise this region. The combination of sea, mountains and rugged vegetation holds a special appeal for nature travellers.
The penguin colonies
Isla Martillo is particularly well known for its Magellanic penguins, which are the island’s biggest visitor attraction. These medium-sized penguins are active on the island from October to March, when they build their nests, lay their eggs, and raise their chicks. They are easily identifiable by their distinctive black-and-white colouring and the black bands on their chest and head. During the breeding season, they regularly return from the sea to feed their chicks. This spectacle is particularly fascinating for visitors.
As well as Magellanic penguins, visitors can observe gentoo penguins. These are easily identifiable by their white eye stripes and bright red beaks. This species is rather rare in Argentina, which is why Isla Martillo is a special place for birdwatchers. With a little luck, you may also see king penguins on this island.
The penguins on Isla Martillo exhibit interesting behaviour, such as forming dense colonies, defending their nests against intruders, and displaying distinctive courtship behaviour. The chicks, in particular, are curious and enjoy interacting with people without being aggressive, which is a very popular experience for tourists.
Sea lions and other wildlife
In addition to penguins, Isla Martillo is home to several other remarkable species of animal. Sea lions are a particular highlight for visitors. These impressive marine mammals can often be seen sunbathing on the island’s rocky shores, resting and interacting with each other. With their loud calls and playful behaviour, they make for fascinating photographs and offer a vivid insight into the island’s dynamic ecosystem.
The island is also home to various seabirds, including cormorants, albatrosses and gulls, which nest and hunt in the coastal regions. These birds play an important role in the food cycle and contribute to the island’s ecological balance. Dolphins can occasionally be seen swimming around the penguin colonies or playing with boats in the waters around the island.
The combination of penguins, sea lions, seabirds and the occasional marine mammal makes Isla Martillo a unique observation area. Each species adds to the island’s appeal as a nature reserve and sanctuary, offering visitors the chance to experience Patagonia’s fascinating biodiversity first-hand.
Visiting options and tourism
Visits to Isla Martillo are only possible as part of organised tours, either by circumnavigating the island by boat or, in selected cases, by landing on the island itself.
Best time to visit:
From approximately October to March, when the penguins are breeding.
Tour options:
- Boat tour without landing: observe the penguin colony from the water.
- Shore excursion with a guided walk among the penguins (limited places and often more expensive).
Important information for visitors:
- Keep at least 3 metres away from the animals.
- Wear suitable clothing: windproof and waterproof clothing, good shoes and sun protection.
- Advance booking is recommended as places are limited.
- Even when going ashore, access is strictly regulated to avoid disturbing the animals.
The importance of nature conservation and responsible travel
The island serves as a protected habitat for several species of penguin, making an important contribution to the preservation of biodiversity in the Patagonia/southern Argentina region. Human-animal contact is deliberately limited to avoid stressing the animals and disturbing natural processes. Responsible tourism helps preserve this place in the long term, for example by avoiding litter, behaving respectfully towards animals and the environment, and choosing reputable providers who comply with environmental protection regulations. It is also important to support the local economy with respect for the regional community and its habitat.
Practical tips for planning your trip:
- Travel and accommodation: Ushuaia is the ideal starting point. Staying there or in the surrounding area makes day trips easier.
- When to book: Book several months in advance, especially if you plan to go ashore.
- Duration of the tour: Usually a half-day to full-day excursion, depending on the option chosen. Add to this the time spent on the boat, on the island, and for the return journey.
- Photography: Use a wide-angle lens for landscapes and a telephoto lens for animal shots.
- Weather and clothing: The weather can change quickly, so it is advisable to dress in layers.
- Behaviour: Do not feed or get too close to the animals, and do not make loud noises – their welfare is paramount.
Isla Martillo in the Beagle Channel near Ushuaia is an extraordinary place for animal and nature lovers. A lively penguin colony nestles in a magnificent Patagonian landscape, making a visit here a lasting experience. Anyone planning this trip should be prepared for impressive experiences, while also acting responsibly for the sake of the animals, the environment, and future generations of visitors.
