Northern Ireland, the northernmost part of the island of Ireland, is a land of contrasts and surprises. It offers travellers a unique blend of culture, nature and adventure with a rich history, breathtaking landscapes and vibrant cities. From vibrant Belfast to the majestic Giant’s Causeway, the country has something for everyone.
Geography and location
Northern Ireland is located in the north-east of the island of Ireland and is part of the United Kingdom. It borders the Republic of Ireland to the south and west, the Irish Sea to the east and the Atlantic Ocean to the north. Covering an area of over 14,000 square kilometres, the country is relatively small but has an extremely varied landscape.
Rolling hills, fertile valleys and a dramatic coastline characterise the landscape of Northern Ireland. In the centre of the country are the Sperrin Mountains. In the south-east are the Mourne Mountains. The coastline is renowned for its cliffs, rocky coves and long sandy beaches.
The history of Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland has a complex and often conflicted history. For centuries the region was disputed between the native Irish and British settlers. When Ireland gained its independence from Great Britain, the predominantly Protestant Unionist north remained with Great Britain. Northern Ireland thus became an independent part of the country, while the rest of the island became the Irish Free State and later the Republic of Ireland. In the 19th century, Protestant-Catholic tensions led to ‘The Troubles’, which officially ended in 1998 with the Good Friday Agreement.
Language and communication
The main language spoken in Northern Ireland is English, although the Northern Irish accent and dialect can sometimes be difficult for outsiders to understand. Irish (Gaeilge) and Ulster Scots are recognised as minority languages and are still spoken and taught in some communities.
Currency
Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom. Its currency is the British Pound (GBP). Interestingly, some Northern Irish banks print their own banknotes, which are valid throughout the UK but are sometimes viewed with scepticism outside the country.
Climate and best time to visit
With mild temperatures and frequent rainfall, the country has a temperate climate. Summers are generally mild with average temperatures around 18 degrees Celsius, while winters are relatively mild with temperatures around 5 degrees Celsius.
The best time to visit Northern Ireland depends on personal preference. Summer (June to August) offers the longest days and warmest temperatures. A good alternative is spring and autumn with milder temperatures and fewer tourists. Winter is cold and wet but also offers the opportunity to experience the rugged beauty of the countryside.
Top sights
From historic sites to breathtaking natural wonders, Northern Ireland has a wealth of fascinating attractions.
Belfast
Belfast is a vibrant city that has undergone an impressive transformation in recent years. Titanic Belfast, an interactive museum about the history of the famous ocean liner, Belfast Castle and the HW shipyard are just some of the attractions. Numerous museums, galleries and theatres reflect the city’s vibrant cultural scene. The Cathedral Quarter is renowned for its pubs, restaurants and street art.
Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge
This suspension bridge, which connects the coast to the small island of Carrick-a-Rede, offers breathtaking views of the coast and sea. Originally built by salmon fishermen, it is now a popular tourist attraction for the adventurous.
Giant's Causeway
One of the country’s most famous attractions is undoubtedly the Giant’s Causeway on the north coast. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, it consists of some 40,000 interlocking basalt columns formed millions of years ago by volcanic activity. The unique geology and legends surrounding the site make it an unforgettable experience.
Dark Hedges
The Dark Hedges, an avenue of curving beech trees planted in the 18th century, have become an iconic image of Northern Ireland. Famous from the TV series ‘Game of Thrones’, they provide an atmospheric and photogenic backdrop.
Mourne Mountains
The Mourne Mountains in the south-east of the country offer some of the finest walking in the country. From the highest peak, Slieve Donard, you can see as far as Scotland and Wales on a clear day.
Northern Ireland offers visitors an exciting mix of history, culture and nature. From the bustling streets of Belfast to the majestic coastline and mountains, there are countless experiences waiting to be discovered. Northern Ireland is a destination that captivates every visitor with its rich past, warm people and breathtaking scenery.
